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A proxy, also known as a proxy often referred to as a proxy server, is software which serves as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients will send a request directly to a server and it will serve that resource to its user directly. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement using proxy servers, it could bring benefits in the form of enhanced performance as well as privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy, it acts as a security guard for the internet between servers and users.




The general combination of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is generally referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we'll examine proxy servers which are usually classified as software and also in the context of web servers. We will provide a description of the two primary types of proxies: the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar name convention.




This article will give you an idea of the what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as their value in the common configurations. By reading the article you'll be able to understand what circumstances in which an effective proxy can be beneficial and select the best option between reverse and forward proxy depending on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes called an open proxy, also known as an open acts as an intermediary between the client who is trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every request sent by the client will be directed direct to the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in the place of the client will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is permitted access to requests made by this specific forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or send it to the original server. The client has no direct access to the internet. It has access to only the web pages that forward proxy grants its access.




One of the most popular applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client and in this process, it uses an alternative IP address to the client's IP address.




Based on how it is configured based on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending upon the configuration, which allows users to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographic area.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide centralized security as well as access to users based on permissions, for instance at the workplace. Internet traffic can go via an open forward proxy. administrators are able to limit access to specific users to the internet, which is protected by a standard firewall. In lieu of having firewalls for the client layer which may include multiple computers that have different configurations and users you can install an firewall that is located in the forward proxy layer.




Be aware the forward proxy setting need to be manually set up to use, but reverse proxies are likely to be not considered from the clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is passed to the server from where it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and security could be granted or kept secret.




There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source web hosting server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Check out our guide on how you can install Squid proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to look at how you can create a Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of all requests received from customers on its behalf. The web server may represent a single, or multiple servers. It could also be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, the request for an application is received by a user on the internet. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the web server with the resources the client wants. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that isolates your server from interaction with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the client an individual's viewpoint the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with Web server in direct contact. It's the same thing however the client can't discern the difference. The client makes a request for the resource, which is followed by receiving it with no additional configuration needed for the end-user.




Reverse proxies offer functions like:




A centralized layer of security that protects the server.


Incoming traffic is directed upon rules that you can define.


New caching functionality has been added.




Although centralized security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies apply this feature to only the server layer, but not to the client layer. In lieu of focussing on maintenance of firewalls at the server level that can contain a variety of servers and various configurations, the majority of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy level. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients far from web servers allows them to focus on serving the requirements of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers existing through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible for directing what requests will go via which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, each providing different services or a mixture of the two. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but they can also contain other protocols used by applications servers such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to direct users to a particular server based on the requested resource or to comply with specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies may also take advantage of their placement over web servers, by providing the ability to store data. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers on every request. Some solutions providing the option to directly serve static assets without having to contact the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy is able to manage compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy option. While there is similar functionality that is available in Apache web server does have a reverse proxy features as an added feature that is available for Apache however Nginx was originally designed for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies process requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between the reverse and forward proxy types is to look at the specifications of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They represent your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are placed before customers for your own usage or even in a work setting. They represent your client traffic in any interactions with the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified what aproxy is and the two primary types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the attributes that are beneficial were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about implementation of proxies You can read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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